Smart Specialization: Lessons from Agrotech Clusters in Sweden and Poland

Europe’s ambitious smart specialization strategy (RIS3) is reshaping regional development, but its real-world impact varies widely. This comparative study looks at agrotech clusters in southern Sweden (Sydsvierge)—one of Europe’s most innovative regions—and northeastern Poland (Warmińsko-Mazurskie), which is less developed yet strong in agriculture and forestry.

What Drives Regional Growth and Innovation

Both regions prioritize food and agriculture, but take different paths: Sweden leverages diverse, high-technology specializations backed by strong institutional support, while Poland builds on its natural assets and targets less complex sectors. Related diversification (growing sectors tied to existing strengths) is most common, but rare, high-risk moves into unrelated industries like medical device manufacturing show that innovation payoff depends on the region’s capacity in technology and human capital.

Advancing Agrotech Growth—Practical Takeaways

For policymakers and business leaders, the research emphasizes targeted investment, stronger knowledge infrastructure, and partnerships between academia, industry, and government as vital steps for lagging regions. By following best practices from innovative leaders like Sweden, regions can make strategic decisions—gradually increasing complexity and collaboration—to maximize their RIS3-driven growth.