The study examines how successful vertical farming companies are selectively adopting artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies, finding that business strategy and return on investment—not technological sophistication alone—drive long-term success in sustainable agriculture.

Key Takeaways:

• Researchers found that successful "second-wave" vertical farming companies prioritize technologies that improve operational efficiency and deliver measurable business value rather than pursuing the most advanced solutions available.
• LED lighting and nutrient film hydroponic systems have emerged as industry standards, while adoption of artificial intelligence, robotics, and advanced automation remains uneven because companies weigh costs against operational benefits.
• Based on a global survey, executive interviews, and company case studies, the research provides insight into how technology adoption can support more resilient and sustainable food production.

“Our investigation led us to conclude that the high failure rate of the first-wave VF companies stemmed chiefly from large capital expenditures on complex technologies misaligned with market dynamics," said Professor Bartlett. 

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